MDMX acts as a pervasive preleukemic-to-acute myeloid leukemia transition mechanism

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Second primary cancers in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Family history and survival

Second primary cancers (SPCs) account for an increasing proportion of all cancer diagnoses and family history of cancer may be a risk factor for SPCs. Using the Swedish Family-Cancer Database on non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), we assessed the influence of family history on risk of SPCs and of SPCs on survival. NHL patients were identified from the years 1958 to 2015 and generalized Poisson models were used to calculate relative risks (RRs) for SPCs and familial SPCs. Among 14,393 NHL patients, a total of 1,866 (13.0%) were diagnosed with SPC. Familial risk of nine particular cancers was associated with risks of these cancers as SPCs, with twofold to fivefold increase in RRs. At the end of a 25-year follow-up period, the survival probability for persons with SPC was only 20% of that for patients without SPC; the hazard ratio for SPC was 1.59 (95% CI: 1.46–1.72). Survival could be predicted by the prognostic groups based on first cancers and HRs increase systematically with worse prognosis yielding a trend of p = 4.6 × 10⁻⁵. SPCs had deleterious consequences for survival in NHL patients. Family history was associated with increasing numbers of SPCs. Prevention of SPCs and their early detection is an important target in the overall strategy to improve survival in NHL patients. Counseling for avoidance of risk factors and targeted screening based on family history are feasible steps in risk reduction.     

国医大师防治新型冠状病毒肺炎处方分析

目的分析目前公布的国医大师预防或治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的处方,解读其辨证思路及用药规律。方法检索国医大师公布的关于预防或治疗COVID-19的处方,检索期限自2020年1月1日至2020年2月12日。结果共9位国医大师公布了22个处方。周仲瑛、孙光荣、唐祖宣、李佃贵、金世元、王琦、熊继柏、刘祖贻共8位国医大师开具了9个预防用方,涉及中药32味,处方以益气、化湿、清热解毒为主,辅以养阴清热、疏风解表、宣肺化痰。唐祖宣、杨春波、李佃贵、孙光荣4位国医大师开具了10个治疗类处方,涉及中药61味,处方以化湿、清热、解毒为基本法则,唐老按湿邪与寒、热、毒邪分型证治,杨老依湿邪在体内的传变为辨证依据,李老专攻"湿热浊毒",孙老强调"疏风清热"。李佃贵、周仲瑛、王琦3位国医大师开具了3个香囊处方,涉及中药14味,均选用了藿香芳香化湿。结论多位国医大师积极参与防治COVID-19,对本病的病因病机认识基本一致,不论是治疗处方或是预防处方皆以益气、化湿、清热、解毒为主,结合用药频次统计,使用药物最多的是黄芪、藿香、金银花,具体证治方面则不尽相同。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎的研究现状及防控措施

目的根据现有文献,探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎的研究现状及防控措施。方法采用文献综述法。结果我国对新型冠状病毒性肺炎的生物学特性以及诊断标准和治疗方法的研究已取得重要成果,病毒的传播情况已得到了有效的遏制。结论冠状病毒虽具有较强的传染性,但采用合理的方法早发现,早诊断,早治疗,同时增强卫生健康意识,加强个人防护,及时隔离传染源,可有效控制病毒传播。     

Children’s right to smoke-free air: Public support in Norway for banning smoking in vehicles with children present

Background

Children have a statutory right to a smoke-free environment, and tobacco control advocates are now considering regulation of smoking behavior in the private sphere. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health has investigated the support for a ban on smoking in cars with children compared to other possible extensions of the tobacco act among the Norwegian public.

Theoretical potential for endometrial cancer prevention through primary risk factor modification: Estimates from the EPIC cohort

Endometrial cancer (EC) incidence rates vary ~10-fold worldwide, in part due to variation in EC risk factor profiles. Using an EC risk model previously developed in the European EPIC cohort, we evaluated the prevention potential of modified EC risk factor patterns and whether differences in EC incidence between a European population and low-risk countries can be explained by differences in these patterns. Predicted EC incidence rates were estimated over 10 years of follow-up for the cohort before and after modifying risk factor profiles. Risk factors considered were: body mass index (BMI, kg/m²), use of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and oral contraceptives (OC) (potentially modifiable); and, parity, ages at first birth, menarche and menopause (environmentally conditioned, but not readily modifiable). Modeled alterations in BMI (to all ≤23 kg/m²) and HT use (to all non-HT users) profiles resulted in a 30% reduction in predicted EC incidence rates; individually, longer duration of OC use (to all ≥10 years) resulted in a 42.5% reduction. Modeled changes in not readily modifiable exposures (i.e., those not contributing to prevention potential) resulted in ≤24.6% reduction in predicted EC incidence. Women in the lowest decile of a risk score based on the evaluated exposures had risk similar to a low risk countries; however, this was driven by relatively long use of OCs (median = 23 years). Our findings support avoidance of overweight BMI and of HT use as prevention strategies for EC in a European population; OC use must be considered in the context of benefits and risks.